auricular, insuficiencia cardíaca, cardiomiopatía tirotóxica e hipertensión pulmonar, siendo
estas potencialmente reversibles después de un tratamiento hormonal. Así mismo, se
evidencia un incremento del riego tromboembólico, especialmente en casos de tirotoxicosis
severa y la tormenta tiroidea, también prevalece el aumento del hipertiroidismo subclínico con
TSH suprimida. En conclusión, el hipertiroidismo constituye un factor de riesgo cardiovascular
de relevancia clínica y frecuentemente es subestimado, por lo que el diagnóstico temprano y
así mismo un tratamiento oportuno del estado tiroideo es fundamental para reducir la
morbilidad y especialmente la mortalidad cardiovascular y prevenir las complicaciones graves.
Palabras claves: hipertiroidismo; enfermedades cardiovasculares; fibrilación auricular;
insuficiencia cardíaca; riesgo cardiovascular
ABSTRACT
This systematic review analyzes the scientific evidence published over the last five years
regarding cardiovascular diseases associated with hyperthyroidism, aiming to synthesize their
pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, complications, and therapeutic
implications. A comprehensive search was conducted across biomedical databases, including
PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, SciELO, and Google Scholar, in accordance with
PRISMA guidelines. Original studies, case reports, and case series were included without age,
sex, or geographic restrictions, ultimately yielding 30 selected articles. Findings reveal that
hyperthyroidism induces a hyperkinetic circulatory state primarily characterized by increased
cardiac output, decreased systemic vascular resistance, and persistent tachycardia.
Consequently, this state elevates the risk of developing pathologies such as atrial fibrillation,
heart failure, thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary hypertension, which are potentially
reversible following hormonal treatment. Furthermore, an increased risk of thromboembolic
events is evident, particularly in cases of severe thyrotoxicosis and thyroid storm. Similarly,
cardiovascular risk remains significantly elevated in subclinical hyperthyroidism with
suppressed TSH. In conclusion, hyperthyroidism is a highly relevant, yet frequently
underestimated, cardiovascular risk factor. Early diagnosis and timely management of the
thyroid state are essential to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, thereby preventing
severe complications.
Keywords: hyperthyroidism; cardiovascular diseases; atrial fibrillation; heart failure;
cardiovascular risk
Recibido: 21-01-2026 Aceptado: 10-05-2026 Publicado: 23-07-2026