Tendencias futuras en biomarcadores oncológicos: de la β-hcg a la genómica y proteómica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56124/saludcm.v5i9.006Palabras clave:
futuras tendencias; biomarcadores; proteómica; genómica; oncológicoResumen
En el diagnóstico de cáncer, a pesar de que los biomarcadores tradicionales han desempeñado un papel importante en su manejo, presentan limitaciones que generan interés por nuevas alternativas. Objetivo: Analizar las tendencias futuras en el desarrollo de biomarcadores oncológicos, explorando cómo las tecnologías genómicas y proteómicas complementan o sustituyen a los marcadores tradicionales como la β-hCG. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo la metodología PRISMA, mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos Nature, PubMed, ScienceDirect y SpringerLink. De un total de 711 registros, se aplicaron criterios de identificación, selección, elegibilidad e inclusión según PRISMA, obteniéndose finalmente 21 artículos para el análisis. Resultados: Se obtuvo que los biomarcadores genómicos, proteómicos y multi-ómicos permiten caracterizar la heterogeneidad tumoral con mayor exactitud, optimizar la selección terapéutica y mejorar la estratificación de los pacientes. Conclusión: La integración de datos de DNA-seq, RNA-seq, proteómica, inmunología tumoral, patología digital y biopsia líquida representa el futuro del diagnóstico oncológico, aunque persisten retos en estandarización, validación clínica, accesibilidad y costo-efectividad, por lo que se requieren estudios adicionales para consolidar la adopción de estas tecnologías emergentes en la práctica clínica rutinaria.
Citas
Kang YJ, Luo Q, Worthington J, Kelly A, Cuff J, Zalcberg J, et al. Informing health system planning for biomarker-based treatment: statistical prevalence projections for solid cancers with key pan-tumour biomarkers (dMMR, MSI, high TMB) in Australia to 2042. Lancet Reg Health West Pac [Internet]. 2025 Apr 1 [cited 2025 Nov 7];57:101537. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666606525000744
Passaro A, Al Bakir M, Hamilton EG, Diehn M, André F, Roy-Chowdhuri S, et al. Cancer biomarkers: Emerging trends and clinical implications for personalized treatment. Cell [Internet]. 2024 Mar 28 [cited 2025 Nov 7];187(7):1617–35. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867424002447#bib3
Alaimo A, Vaira V, Sarhadi VK, Armengol G. Molecular Biomarkers in Cancer. Biomolecules 2022, Vol 12, Page 1021 [Internet]. 2022 Jul 23 [cited 2025 Nov 7];12(8):1021. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/8/1021/htm
Passaro A, Al Bakir M, Hamilton EG, Diehn M, André F, Roy-Chowdhuri S, et al. Cancer biomarkers: Emerging trends and clinical implications for personalized treatment. Cell [Internet]. 2024 Mar 28 [cited 2025 Nov 7];187(7):1617–35. Available from: https://www.cell.com/action/showFullText?pii=S0092867424002447
Kwon YW, Jo HS, Bae S, Seo Y, Song P, Song M, et al. Application of Proteomics in Cancer: Recent Trends and Approaches for Biomarkers Discovery. Front Med (Lausanne) [Internet]. 2021 Sep 22 [cited 2025 Nov 7];8:747333. Available from: www.frontiersin.org
Passaro A, Al Bakir M, Hamilton EG, Diehn M, André F, Roy-Chowdhuri S, et al. Cancer biomarkers: Emerging trends and clinical implications for personalized treatment. Cell [Internet]. 2024 Mar 28 [cited 2025 Nov 13];187(7):1617–35. Available from: https://www.cell.com/action/showFullText?pii=S0092867424002447
Alaimo A, Vaira V, Sarhadi VK, Armengol G. Molecular Biomarkers in Cancer. Biomolecules 2022, Vol 12, Page 1021 [Internet]. 2022 Jul 23 [cited 2025 Nov 13];12(8):1021. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/12/8/1021/htm
Komarnicki P, Gut P, Cieślewicz M, Musiałkiewicz J, Maciejewski A, Czupińska M, et al. Serum β-hCG as a Biomarker in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Rethinking Single-Analyte Approach. Cancers (Basel) [Internet]. 2024 Jun 1 [cited 2025 Nov 13];16(11):2060. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/16/11/2060/htm
Andre F, Ismaila N, Allison KH, Barlow WE, Collyar DE, Damodaran S, et al. Biomarkers for Adjuvant Endocrine and Chemotherapy in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update. Journal of Clinical Oncology [Internet]. 2022 Apr 1 [cited 2025 Nov 7];34. Available from: https://ascopubs.org/doi/pdf/10.1200/JCO.22.00069
Eggener SE, Rumble RB, Armstrong AJ, Morgan TM, Crispino T, Cornford P, et al. Molecular biomarkers in localized prostate cancer: ASCO guideline. Journal of Clinical Oncology [Internet]. 2020 May 1 [cited 2025 Nov 7];38(13):1474–94. Available from: https://ascopubs.org/doi/pdf/10.1200/JCO.19.02768
Liu HN, Yao C, Wang XF, Zhang NP, Chen YJ, Pan D, et al. Diagnostic and economic value of carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, and carbohydrate antigen 72-4 in gastrointestinal cancers. World J Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2023 Jan 28 [cited 2025 Nov 7];29(4):706–30. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36742169/
Claps G, Faouzi S, Quidville V, Chehade F, Shen S, Vagner S, et al. The multiple roles of LDH in cancer. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology 2022 19:12 [Internet]. 2022 Oct 7 [cited 2025 Nov 7];19(12):749–62. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41571-022-00686-2
Luo H, Shen K, Li B, Li R, Wang Z, Xie Z. Clinical significance and diagnostic value of serum NSE, CEA, CA19-9, CA125 and CA242 levels in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett [Internet]. 2020 Jul 1 [cited 2025 Nov 7];20(1):742–50. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32566000/
Caruso G, Weroha SJ, Cliby W. Ovarian Cancer: A Review. JAMA [Internet]. 2025 Oct 14 [cited 2025 Nov 7];334(14):1278–91. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2836686
Sholl LM, Awad M, Roy UB, Beasley MB, Cartun RW, Hwang DM, et al. Programmed Death Ligand-1 and Tumor Mutation Burden Testing of Patients With Lung Cancer for Selection of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapies: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists, Association for Molecular Pathology, International Assoc…. Arch Pathol Lab Med [Internet]. 2024 Jul 1 [cited 2025 Nov 7];148(7):757–74. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2023-0536-CP
Henry NL, Somerfield MR, Dayao Z, Elias A, Kalinsky K, McShane LM, et al. Biomarkers for Systemic Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update. Journal of Clinical Oncology [Internet]. 2022 Sep 20 [cited 2025 Nov 7];40(27):3205–21. Available from: https://ascopubs.org/doi/pdf/10.1200/JCO.22.01063
Daniels MW, Kahn AB, Beavers KM, Concia L, Carson JP, Matsui W, et al. Abstract P1-08-03: Clinical Distribution and Impact of Biomarker Triads Consisting of either Quantified HER2 or EGF Receptor with ER and PR Proteins and Expression of Their Cognate Genes. Clinical Cancer Research [Internet]. 2025 Jun 15 [cited 2025 Nov 7];31(12_Supplement):P1-08–03. Available from: /clincancerres/article/31/12_Supplement/P1-08-03/752389/Abstract-P1-08-03-Clinical-Distribution-and-Impact
Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, et al. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024 9:1 [Internet]. 2024 May 20 [cited 2025 Nov 7];9(1):1–86. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-024-01823-2
Bhattacharya S. An empirical review on the resistance mechanisms of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors and predictive molecular biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol [Internet]. 2023 Mar 1 [cited 2025 Nov 7];183:103916. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1040842823000045?via%3Dihub
Baliakas P, Soussi T. The TP53 tumor suppressor gene: From molecular biology to clinical investigations. J Intern Med [Internet]. 2025 Aug 1 [cited 2025 Nov 7];298(2):78–96. Available from: /doi/pdf/10.1111/joim.20106
Zhang N, Yang X, Piao M, Xun Z, Wang Y, Ning C, et al. Biomarkers and prognostic factors of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomarker Research 2024 12:1 [Internet]. 2024 Feb 14 [cited 2025 Nov 13];12(1):26-. Available from: https://biomarkerres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40364-023-00535-z
Chakravarty D, Johnson A, Sklar J, Lindeman NI, Moore K, Ganesan S, et al. Somatic Genomic Testing in Patients With Metastatic or Advanced Cancer: ASCO Provisional Clinical Opinion. Journal of Clinical Oncology [Internet]. 2022 Apr 10 [cited 2025 Nov 7];40(11):1231–58. Available from: https://ascopubs.org/doi/pdf/10.1200/JCO.21.02767
Beňačka R, Szabóová D, Guľašová Z, Hertelyová Z, Radoňák J. Classic and New Markers in Diagnostics and Classification of Breast Cancer. Cancers 2022, Vol 14, Page 5444 [Internet]. 2022 Nov 5 [cited 2025 Nov 7];14(21):5444. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/21/5444/htm
Kwon YW, Jo HS, Bae S, Seo Y, Song P, Song M, et al. Application of Proteomics in Cancer: Recent Trends and Approaches for Biomarkers Discovery. Front Med (Lausanne) [Internet]. 2021 Sep 22 [cited 2025 Nov 13];8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34631760/
Supplitt S, Karpinski P, Sasiadek M, Laczmanska I. Current Achievements and Applications of Transcriptomics in Personalized Cancer Medicine. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, Vol 22, Page 1422 [Internet]. 2021 Jan 31 [cited 2025 Nov 13];22(3):1422. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/3/1422/htm
Sykes J, Kaldany A, Jang TL. Current and Evolving Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Management of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024, Vol 13, Page 7448 [Internet]. 2024 Dec 6 [cited 2025 Nov 13];13(23):7448. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/23/7448/htm
He K, Baniasad M, Kwon H, Caval T, Xu G, Lebrilla C, et al. Decoding the glycoproteome: a new frontier for biomarker discovery in cancer. Journal of Hematology & Oncology 2024 17:1 [Internet]. 2024 Mar 22 [cited 2025 Nov 13];17(1):12-. Available from: https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-024-01532-x
Yu B, Ma W. Biomarker discovery in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for personalized treatment and enhanced prognosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev [Internet]. 2024 Oct 1 [cited 2025 Nov 13];79:29–38. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1359610124000674?via%3Dihub
Prelaj A, Miskovic V, Zanitti M, Trovo F, Genova C, Viscardi G, et al. Artificial intelligence for predictive biomarker discovery in immuno-oncology: a systematic review. Annals of Oncology [Internet]. 2024 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Nov 13];35(1):29–65. Available from: https://www.annalsofoncology.org/action/showFullText?pii=S0923753423043314
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Josselyn Mendoza Macías, Carlos Jared Intriago López, Higor Giovanni Chávez Párraga, Anthony Javier Naranjo Salguero
Está obra está bajo licencia Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Nota de derechos de autor
La Revista Salud & Ciencias Médicas se adhiere al modelo Acceso Abierto en el que los contenidos de las publicaciones científicas se encuentran disponibles a texto completo libre y gratuito en Internet, sin embargos temporales, y cuyos costos de producción editorial no son transferidos a los autores. Esta política propone quebrar las barreras económicas que generan inequidades tanto en el acceso a la información, como en la publicación de resultados de investigaciones. La revista permite a los autores mantener el derecho de autor sobre los artículos y documentos publicados. Salud & Ciencias Médicas esta licenciada bajo Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional License.
El contenido de las publicaciones son responsabilidad absoluta de los autores y no de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí ni de la revista Salud & Ciencias Médicas.
Los logos de la universidad, la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí y de la revista Salud & Ciencias Médicas, están protegidos por leyes internacionales de derecho de autor, de allí que esté totalmente prohibida su reproducción.
