Tendencias futuras en biomarcadores oncológicos: de la β-hcg a la genómica y proteómica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56124/saludcm.v5i9.006Keywords:
futuras tendencias; biomarcadores; proteómica; genómica; oncológicoAbstract
En el diagnóstico de cáncer, a pesar de que los biomarcadores tradicionales han desempeñado un papel importante en su manejo, presentan limitaciones que generan interés por nuevas alternativas. Objetivo: Analizar las tendencias futuras en el desarrollo de biomarcadores oncológicos, explorando cómo las tecnologías genómicas y proteómicas complementan o sustituyen a los marcadores tradicionales como la β-hCG. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo la metodología PRISMA, mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos Nature, PubMed, ScienceDirect y SpringerLink. De un total de 711 registros, se aplicaron criterios de identificación, selección, elegibilidad e inclusión según PRISMA, obteniéndose finalmente 21 artículos para el análisis. Resultados: Se obtuvo que los biomarcadores genómicos, proteómicos y multi-ómicos permiten caracterizar la heterogeneidad tumoral con mayor exactitud, optimizar la selección terapéutica y mejorar la estratificación de los pacientes. Conclusión: La integración de datos de DNA-seq, RNA-seq, proteómica, inmunología tumoral, patología digital y biopsia líquida representa el futuro del diagnóstico oncológico, aunque persisten retos en estandarización, validación clínica, accesibilidad y costo-efectividad, por lo que se requieren estudios adicionales para consolidar la adopción de estas tecnologías emergentes en la práctica clínica rutinaria.
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